Jawaharlal Nehru Political views on the 12 axes

The 1950 constitution his government shaped gives the centre strong powers over the states, though he accepted new states drawn on language lines in 1956.

Built India as a parliamentary democracy, holding the first general elections on universal adult suffrage in 1951–52 and two more while in office.

Protected a free press and courts, but passed the Preventive Detention Act in 1950 and the First Amendment of 1951 restricting speech, landing in the middle.

Helped found the Non-Aligned Movement after the Bandung Conference of 1955 and championed the United Nations and decolonisation worldwide.

Promoted the Panchsheel principles of peaceful coexistence in 1954, though he sent troops into Goa in 1961 and fought China in 1962.

Pursued self-reliance through import substitution, high tariffs and licences that shielded Indian industry from foreign competition.

Aimed at a 'socialistic pattern of society', backing the abolition of the zamindari landlord system and state ownership of key industries.

Set up the Planning Commission in 1950 and launched Five-Year Plans that put heavy industry in state hands, a strong pull toward Planned.

Insisted India be a secular state that favoured no faith, and pushed through the Hindu Code Bills to reform Hindu personal law.

The Hindu Code Bills of the mid-1950s gave Hindu women rights to divorce and inheritance, a clear lean toward Progressive.

Spoke of unity in diversity, protected separate personal laws for religious minorities and accepted language-based states, leaning toward Multiculturalist.

Founded the IITs and the Atomic Energy Commission and called large dams the 'temples of modern India'.