Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Political views on the 12 axes

Built a strongly centralised republic in which provinces were run by governors appointed from Ankara and no regional autonomy was allowed.

Created an elected parliament but governed through a single party; a second party allowed in 1930 was dissolved within months.

Used the 1925 Law on the Maintenance of Order and Independence Tribunals to close opposition papers and try opponents after the Sheikh Said rebellion.

Made nationalism one of the party's Six Arrows, though his motto 'Peace at home, peace in the world' ruled out expansion abroad.

A career soldier who won the War of Independence by arms, then kept Turkey out of foreign wars, a lean toward Militarist.

After 1929 his government raised tariffs and controlled imports to build up domestic industry under state protection.

His Six Arrows included populism and statism, but he left private property in place and did not redistribute wealth, landing near the middle.

Under the policy of statism his government launched the first Five-Year Industrial Plan in 1934 and built factories through state banks.

Abolished the caliphate in 1924, closed religious lodges, removed Islam as the state religion in 1928 and wrote secularism into the constitution.

Introduced the Latin alphabet in 1928, a European-style civil code in 1926 and votes for women in 1934, a strong stance for Progressive.

Built a single Turkish national identity, promoted the Turkish language for all citizens and suppressed Kurdish uprisings, a strong stance for Assimilationist.

Promoted Western science and education, reformed Istanbul University in 1933 and saw industry and modern technology as the path to progress.